{"id":935,"date":"2023-03-12T18:25:42","date_gmt":"2023-03-12T15:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legendhomework.com\/tr\/?p=935"},"modified":"2023-03-12T18:25:42","modified_gmt":"2023-03-12T15:25:42","slug":"gercek-zamanli-perspektif-multimedya-bolumu-multimedya-bolumu-odevleri-multimedya-bolumu-tez-yaptirma-multimedya-bolumu-odev-ucretleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legendhomework.com\/tr\/gercek-zamanli-perspektif-multimedya-bolumu-multimedya-bolumu-odevleri-multimedya-bolumu-tez-yaptirma-multimedya-bolumu-odev-ucretleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Ger\u00e7ek Zamanl\u0131 Perspektif\u00a0 \u2013 Multimedya B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u2013 Multimedya B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6devleri \u2013 Multimedya B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Tez Yapt\u0131rma \u2013Multimedya B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6dev \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ger\u00e7ek Zamanl\u0131 Perspektif G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u00c7arp\u0131tma i\u00e7in Verimli Bir Algoritma ve Mimari<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

Multimedya uygulamalar\u0131 en \u00f6nemli g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc uygulamalar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. HDTV, 3D grafikler ve video oyunlar\u0131 birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnektir. Bu uygulamalar genellikle ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 i\u015flem gerektirir.<\/span><\/p>\n

MPEG-4’te g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc \u00e7arp\u0131tma i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan perspektif d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 multimedya uygulamalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en zorlu algoritmalardan biridir. Burada, MPEG-4 hareketli grafik \u00e7arp\u0131tmas\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 bir uygulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir algoritma \u00f6nerilmi\u015ftir; ancak genel bilgisayar grafik uygulamalar\u0131nda da yararl\u0131 olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

MPEG-4, \u015fu anda ISO (Uluslararas\u0131 Standardizasyon Organizasyonu) ve IEC (Uluslararas\u0131 Elektroteknik Komisyonu) taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilmekte olan dijital ses-video s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in yeni bir standartt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Daha fazla s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, hata sa\u011flaml\u0131\u011f\u0131, etkile\u015fim, hibrit do\u011fal ve sentetik sahne deste\u011fi ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik sa\u011flamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. MPEG-4, mevcut s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma standartlar\u0131ndan daha fazla hesaplama g\u00fcc\u00fc gerektirecek ve y\u00fcksek karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131ktaki MPEG-4 sistemleri i\u00e7in muhtemelen yeni mimariler gerekli olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mevcut video s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma standartlar\u0131 t\u00fcm \u00e7er\u00e7eveyi tek bir bit ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda iletirken, MPEG-4 \u00e7er\u00e7evedeki bir dizi d\u00fczensiz \u015fekilli nesneyi ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 kodlayacakt\u0131r. \u00c7er\u00e7evedeki nesneler daha sonra farkl\u0131 uzamsal veya zamansal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fcklerle kodlanabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

MPEG-4 fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek, ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 uygulama i\u00e7in iki kritik k\u0131s\u0131m oldu\u011funu bulduk: biri kodlay\u0131c\u0131da hareket tahmini, di\u011feri ise kod \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcde hareketli grafik \u00e7arp\u0131tma. MPEG-4’teki hareket tahmini algoritmas\u0131, \u00f6nceki standartlardakilere benzer.<\/span><\/p>\n

Halihaz\u0131rda ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 hareket tahmini i\u00e7in algoritmalar ve mimariler \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 hareketli grafik \u00e7arp\u0131tmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ok az tart\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle hareketli grafik \u00e7arp\u0131tma i\u00e7in algoritma ve mimari geli\u015ftirmeye odaklan\u0131yoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 hareketli grafik \u00e7arp\u0131tma, bir perspektif d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, \u00e7ift do\u011frusal enterpolasyon ve y\u00fcksek bant geni\u015fli\u011fine sahip bellek eri\u015fimlerinin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Hem hesaplama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan pahal\u0131 hem de bellek yo\u011fun.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu, ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 MPEG-4 mimarilerinin tasarlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ciddi bir zorluk olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Akl\u0131m\u0131zda ger\u00e7ek zaman ve maliyet etkinli\u011fi hedefiyle, ilk \u00f6nce sabit payda algoritmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nererek perspektif d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn hesaplama y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc azaltmak i\u00e7in algoritmam\u0131z\u0131 optimize ediyoruz. Bu algoritma, perspektif d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcndeki b\u00f6lmeleri ve \u00e7arpmalar\u0131 bir b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fck s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6nerilen algoritmaya dayal\u0131 olarak, ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 sprite \u00e7arp\u0131tmay\u0131 uygulayan bir mimari tasarlad\u0131k. Mimarimizi mevcut teknolojiler alt\u0131nda uygulamaya uygun hale getirmek i\u00e7in, hareketli grafik \u00e7\u00f6zg\u00fcde hesaplamalar\u0131n ve bellek eri\u015fimlerinin ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 gereksinimlerine g\u00f6re veri yolunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bellek sisteminin tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ele al\u0131yoruz. Ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 hareketli grafik \u00e7arp\u0131tman\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131yla ilgili di\u011fer konular da tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Perspektif D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc \u0130\u00e7in H\u0131zl\u0131 Bir Algoritma<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Perspektif d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc ve video i\u015flemede yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r, ancak hesaplama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan pahal\u0131d\u0131r. En pahal\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131m, \u00e7ok say\u0131da b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr. B\u00f6lme biriminin, t\u00fcm temel veri yolu birimleri aras\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek maliyete ve en uzun gecikme s\u00fcresine sahip oldu\u011fu iyi bilinmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Perspektif d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcndeki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin say\u0131s\u0131, herhangi bir h\u0131zl\u0131 algoritma olmadan ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 zorlu hale getirecektir. Bu, ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 perspektif d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in yeni bir algoritma ke\u015ffetmemiz i\u00e7in bizi motive ediyor. Sabit payda y\u00f6ntemi, y\u00fcksek do\u011frulu\u011fu korurken gerekli b\u00f6lme i\u015flemlerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 O(N)’ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ayr\u0131ca daha az \u00e7arpma ve b\u00f6lme vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Mesafe perspektifi<\/a><\/span>
\nTrimetrik perspektif<\/span>
\nMiliter perspektif \u00f6rnekleri<\/span>
\nKonik perspektif<\/span>
\nE\u011fik perspektif<\/span>
\nTrimetrik perspektif nedir<\/span>
\n3 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015ften \u0130zometrik perspektif<\/span>
\n3 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015ften Perspektif \u00e7izimi \u00f6rnekleri<\/span><\/p>\n

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Perspektif D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Perspektif d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmleri, sahneleri bir noktaya yakla\u015fan \u00e7izgiler boyunca g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm d\u00fczlemlerine yans\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan geometrik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerdir. \u0130ki boyutlu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri iki boyutlu bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm d\u00fczlemine e\u015fleyen perspektif d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc tan\u0131mlan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Perspektif d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bilgisayar destekli tasar\u0131m, bilimsel g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme, e\u011flence, reklam, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u015fleme ve video i\u015flemede bir\u00e7ok uygulamas\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Perspektif d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in yeni bir uygulama MPEG-4’t\u00fcr. MPEG-4’te desteklemek i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilen ek i\u015flevselliklerden biri hareketli grafik kodlamad\u0131r. Hareketli grafik, bir nesnenin farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmlerini olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir referans g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcd\u00fcr. Referans g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc bir kez iletilir ve gelecekteki g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler, hareketli grafi\u011fin perspektif d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcyle \u00e7arp\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131yla \u00fcretilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm parametreleri a, b, c, d, e, f , g ve h rasyonel say\u0131lar oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in do\u011frudan kodlanmazlar. Bunun yerine, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc d\u00f6rt (x’,y’) \u00e7ifti kullan\u0131larak kodlan\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm parametreleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki denklem sistemi kullan\u0131larak d\u00f6rt referans noktas\u0131n\u0131n referans ve \u00e7arp\u0131k koordinatlar\u0131ndan belirlenebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu nedenle, \u00f6zellikle arka plan karakterleri ve sentetik nesneler i\u00e7in hareketli karakter kodlamas\u0131 kullan\u0131larak y\u00fcksek s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Orijinal g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc iletildikten sonra, sa\u011fdaki yeni g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm d\u00f6rt nokta kullan\u0131larak a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc, daha az referans noktas\u0131 kullan\u0131larak iletilebilir. \u00dc\u00e7 referans noktas\u0131 iletilirse, tahmin i\u00e7in afin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Afin d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, g ve h’nin s\u0131f\u0131ra e\u015fit oldu\u011fu perspektif d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne e\u015fde\u011ferdir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130zotropik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm kullan\u0131larak yaln\u0131zca iki referans noktas\u0131 gerekir; burada g = h = 0, d = \u2212b ve e = a. Yaln\u0131zca bir referans noktas\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131rsa, d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm g = h = 0, a = e = 1 ve b = d = 0 olmak \u00fczere basit \u00e7eviri haline gelir. Bu daha basit yakla\u015f\u0131mlar daha az karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f hareketli grafikte delikleri veya \u00fcst \u00fcste binmeyi \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in geriye do\u011fru perspektif e\u015fleme kullan\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f hareketli grafikteki her nokta (x’, y’), referans g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcdeki (x, y) noktas\u0131ndan elde edilir. Geriye d\u00f6n\u00fck perspektif e\u015fleme, ileri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm matrisinin eki ve determinant\u0131ndan elde edilebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

x’ ve y’ tamsay\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, x ve y genellikle de\u011fildir. \u00c7ift do\u011frusal enterpolasyon, en yak\u0131n d\u00f6rt tamsay\u0131 noktas\u0131ndan (x, y) noktas\u0131ndaki piksel de\u011ferine yakla\u015fmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Perspektif d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc hesaplama a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan pahal\u0131d\u0131r. Denklemler kullan\u0131larak x ve y’nin hesaplanmas\u0131, piksel ba\u015f\u0131na bir b\u00f6lme, sekiz \u00e7arpma ve dokuz toplama gerektirir.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00f6l\u00fcm \u00f6zellikle pahal\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme parametreleri tamsay\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, tipik olarak kayan noktal\u0131 hesaplamalar kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler kullanan ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 donan\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn do\u011frudan hesaplanmas\u0131 \u00e7ok yava\u015ft\u0131r. Bir yakla\u015f\u0131m y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

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