{"id":667,"date":"2022-12-23T15:17:13","date_gmt":"2022-12-23T12:17:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legendhomework.com\/tr\/?p=667"},"modified":"2022-12-23T15:17:13","modified_gmt":"2022-12-23T12:17:13","slug":"buhar-uretimi-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-deniz-muhendisligi-odevleri-yaptirma-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-tez-yaptirma-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-odev-ucretleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legendhomework.com\/tr\/buhar-uretimi-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-deniz-muhendisligi-odevleri-yaptirma-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-tez-yaptirma-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-odev-ucretleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Buhar \u00dcretimi \u2013 Deniz M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u2013 Deniz M\u00fchendisli\u011fi \u00d6devleri Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 Deniz M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Tez Yapt\u0131rma\u2013 Deniz M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6dev \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Buhar \u00dcretimi<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Buhar \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in ana \u0131s\u0131 transfer y\u00fczeylerini sa\u011flar. Suyun iyi bir \u015fekilde do\u011fal sirk\u00fclasyonunu sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in buhar ve su tamburu aras\u0131na geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 borular veya indiriciler yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6sterilen d\u00fczenlemede, k\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 tamburlar aras\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir ve birka\u00e7 s\u0131ra elek borusuyla \u00e7ok s\u0131cak f\u0131r\u0131n gazlar\u0131ndan korunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ocak zemininde, bek duvar\u0131nda ve ayr\u0131ca su duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131nda refrakter malzeme veya tu\u011fla kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kazan\u0131n \u00e7ift kasas\u0131 yanma havas\u0131n\u0131n br\u00fcl\u00f6r\u00fc \u00e7evreleyen hava kontrol veya siciline ge\u00e7i\u015fini sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u0131zg\u0131n buhar s\u0131cakl\u0131k kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn daha geni\u015f bir aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na olan ihtiya\u00e7, ba\u015fka kazan d\u00fczenlemelerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Orijinal Harici K\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ‘D’ (ESD) tipi kazan, ana \u00fcretim boru k\u00fcmesinden sonra yer alan bir birincil ve ikincil k\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 kullan\u0131yordu. Buhar s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in yanma havas\u0131 yoluna yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir \u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczenleyici kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Daha sonraki ESD II tipi kazan, yap\u0131 olarak ESD I’e benzerdi ancak birincil ve ikincil k\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar aras\u0131nda bir kontrol \u00fcnitesi (ek bir ekonomiz\u00f6r) kullan\u0131yordu. Ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 damperler, gerekli k\u0131zd\u0131rma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak s\u0131cak gazlar\u0131 kontrol \u00fcnitesi veya k\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 \u00fczerinden y\u00f6nlendirir. Kontrol \u00fcnitesi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta k\u0131zd\u0131rma gerekti\u011finde gazlar i\u00e7in bir baypas yolu sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

ESD III kazan\u0131nda br\u00fcl\u00f6rler, f\u0131r\u0131n boyunca uzun bir alev yolu ve e\u015fit \u0131s\u0131 transferi sa\u011flayan f\u0131r\u0131n \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. G\u00f6sterilen kazanda, f\u0131r\u0131n tamamen su so\u011futmal\u0131d\u0131r ve bir gaz lambas\u0131 mahfazas\u0131 olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere birbirine kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f kanatl\u0131 borulardan \u00fcretilen monowali yap\u0131dad\u0131r. Monowali yap\u0131s\u0131 ile f\u0131r\u0131nda refrakter malzeme gerekli de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n

F\u0131r\u0131n taraf\u0131, taban ve \u00e7at\u0131 borular\u0131 buhar ve su tamburlar\u0131na kaynaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6n ve arka duvarlar, her iki u\u00e7ta da \u00fcst ve alt su duvar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131r. Alt su duvar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131, buhar dram\u0131ndan harici indiriciler taraf\u0131ndan ba\u011flan\u0131r ve \u00fcst su duvar\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131, y\u00fckseltici borularla buhar dram\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

F\u0131r\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan gazlar, aralar\u0131nda ak\u0131\u015fa izin verecek \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f elek borular\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er. \u00c7ok say\u0131da t\u00fcp, gazlar ikincil k\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131ya ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce \u00f6nemli miktarda \u0131s\u0131 transferi sa\u011flar. Gazlar daha sonra egzoza ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce birincil k\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ve ekonomiz\u00f6r \u00fczerinden akar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kuru boru, kazandan makul derecede kuru doymu\u015f buhar elde etmek i\u00e7in buhar tamburunun i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bu daha sonra birincil k\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131ya ve ard\u0131ndan ikincil k\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131ya ge\u00e7irilir. Buhar s\u0131cakl\u0131k kontrol\u00fc, birincil ve ikincil k\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar aras\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, buhar tamburunda bulunan bir \u0131s\u0131 d\u00fczenleyici kullan\u0131larak sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Radyant tip kazanlar, yanman\u0131n radyant \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi radyasyonla iletilen buhar\u0131 y\u00fckseltmek i\u00e7in emildi\u011fi daha yeni bir geli\u015fmedir. Bu, verimli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in genellikle \u00e7at\u0131dan ate\u015fleme ve hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir y\u00fckseklik gerektirir. G\u00f6sterilen ESD IV kazan radyan tiptedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Buhar t\u00fcrbini elektrik \u00fcretimi<\/span>
\nBuhardan<\/a> elektrik \u00fcretimi<\/span>
\nBuhardan elektrik \u00fcretimi Hesab\u0131<\/span>
\nYerli buhar t\u00fcrbini<\/span>
\nBuhar g\u00fcc\u00fcyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan elektrik \u00fcretim tesisleri<\/span>
\nG\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi ile buhar \u00fcretimi<\/span>
\n2. el buhar t\u00fcrbini<\/span>
\nMini buhar t\u00fcrbini<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Hem f\u0131r\u0131n hem de d\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lme tamamen su so\u011futmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcp \u00fcreten geleneksel bir banka yoktur. S\u0131cak gazlar \u0131zgara duvar\u0131n\u0131n alt ucundaki bir a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131ktan f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 terk eder ve d\u0131\u015f odaya ge\u00e7er.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u0131\u015f b\u00f6lme, birincil ve ikincil k\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7eren konveksiyonlu \u0131s\u0131tma y\u00fczeylerini i\u00e7erir. K\u0131zg\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k kontrol\u00fc, buhar tamburundaki bir temperleyici vas\u0131tas\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131cak gazlar, birincil k\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 terk ettikten sonra, bir buhar ekonomisinden ge\u00e7er. Bu, i\u00e7inde buhar su kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n gaza paralel akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u0131s\u0131 e\u015fanj\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. F\u0131r\u0131n gazlar\u0131 nihayet huniye giderken geleneksel bir ekonomiz\u00f6rden ge\u00e7er.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma kazanlar\u0131, yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma ayarl\u0131 t\u00fcrbin sistemleri ile birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 t\u00fcrbinde genle\u015fmeden sonra buhar, kazandaki yeniden \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131ya geri g\u00f6nderilir. Burada buhar enerjisi i\u00e7eri\u011fi, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 t\u00fcrbine verilmeden \u00f6nce y\u00fckseltilir. Yeniden \u0131s\u0131tma kazanlar\u0131, ‘D’ tipi veya radyan tipi gibi kazan tasar\u0131mlar\u0131na dayal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

F\u0131r\u0131n Duvar Konstr\u00fcksiyonu<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

F\u0131r\u0131n refrakter malzemeleriyle ilgili problemler, \u00f6zellikle dikey duvarlarda, refrakterin a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iki su duvar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemesi ile sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar ‘te\u011fet t\u00fcp’ ve ‘tek duvar’ veya ‘membran duvar’ olarak bilinir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Te\u011fet boru d\u00fczenlemesinde, yak\u0131n e\u011fimli borular, refrakter, yal\u0131t\u0131m ve kazan muhafazas\u0131 ile desteklenir. Tek cidarl\u0131 veya membran duvar d\u00fczenlemesinde, borular, tamamen gaz ge\u00e7irmez bir mahfaza olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in aralar\u0131na kaynaklanm\u0131\u015f bir \u00e7elik \u015ferit i\u00e7erir. Bu konstr\u00fcksiyonun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda sadece bir yal\u0131t\u0131m tabakas\u0131 ve perdeleme gereklidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tek duvarl\u0131 konstr\u00fcksiyon, refrakter ve genle\u015fmi\u015f derz problemlerini ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. Ancak boru ar\u0131zas\u0131 durumunda kaynakl\u0131 onar\u0131m yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Alternatif olarak, boru her iki ucundan da kapat\u0131labilir, ancak arkas\u0131ndaki yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in ar\u0131zal\u0131 borunun \u00fczerine refrakter malzeme yerle\u015ftirilmelidir. Te\u011fet boru yap\u0131s\u0131 ile ar\u0131zal\u0131 bir boru kapat\u0131labilir ve kazan daha fazla dikkat gerektirmeden normal \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ate\u015f Borulu Kazanlar<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ate\u015f borulu kazan, genellikle yard\u0131mc\u0131 ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in buhar gerektiren gemilerde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 buhar \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in se\u00e7ilir. \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma basittir ve orta kalitede besleme suyu kullan\u0131labilir. ‘Tank kazan\u0131’ ad\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck su kapasiteleri nedeniyle bazen alev borulu kazanlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ‘duman t\u00fcp\u00fc’ ve ‘e\u015fek kazan\u0131’ terimleri de kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Paket Kazanlar<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ate\u015f borulu kazanlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu art\u0131k tamamen paketlenmi\u015f bir \u00fcnite olarak tedarik edilmektedir. Buna ya\u011f br\u00fcl\u00f6r\u00fc, yak\u0131t pompas\u0131, cebri \u00e7eki\u015fli fan, besleme pompalar\u0131 ve sistem i\u00e7in otomatik kontroller dahildir. Kazan, t\u00fcm uygun kazan montajlar\u0131 ile donat\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tek f\u0131r\u0131nl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ge\u00e7i\u015fli bir tasar\u0131m g\u00f6sterilmektedir. \u0130lk ge\u00e7i\u015f, k\u0131smen oluklu f\u0131r\u0131ndan ve silindirik \u0131slak geri yanma odas\u0131na yap\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130kinci ge\u00e7i\u015f, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 duman t\u00fcpleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden geri d\u00f6ner ve ard\u0131ndan ak\u0131\u015f, \u00f6n merkezi duman kutusunda b\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcr. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ge\u00e7i\u015f, d\u0131\u015f duman t\u00fcplerinden kazan\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki gaz \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yanma odas\u0131 eri\u015fim kap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ve birincil ve ikincil kuart\u0131n astar\u0131ndan ba\u015fka yanma odas\u0131 refrakter astar\u0131 yoktur. Tam otomatik kontroller sa\u011flan\u0131r ve kazan\u0131n yan taraf\u0131nda bulunan bir kontrol panelinde bulunur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cochran kazanlar\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Modern dikey Cochran kazan\u0131 tamamen k\u00fcresel bir f\u0131r\u0131na sahiptir ve “sferoid” olarak bilinir. F\u0131r\u0131n su ile \u00e7evrilidir ve bu nedenle refrakter astar gerektirmez. S\u0131cak gazlar, egzoza ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce yatay boru k\u00fcmesinden tek bir ge\u00e7i\u015f yapar. Geciktiricilerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 borular\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, t\u00fcrb\u00fclansl\u0131 gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak daha iyi \u0131s\u0131 transferi ve daha temiz borular sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kompozit Kazanlar<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Kompozit bir kazan d\u00fczenlemesi, gerekti\u011finde ya\u011f yakarak veya gemi denizdeyken motor egzoz gazlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak buhar \u00fcretimine izin verir. Kompozit kazanlar, alev borulu kazan tasar\u0131mlar\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Cochran kazan\u0131nda, motor egzoz gazlar\u0131n\u0131n kendi egzoz kanal\u0131ndan ge\u00e7mesi ve buradan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f bir boru bankas\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n\n
<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n \n