{"id":665,"date":"2022-12-23T15:09:20","date_gmt":"2022-12-23T12:09:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legendhomework.com\/tr\/?p=665"},"modified":"2022-12-23T15:09:20","modified_gmt":"2022-12-23T12:09:20","slug":"tornistan-operasyonu-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-deniz-muhendisligi-odevleri-yaptirma-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-tez-yaptirma-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-odev-ucretle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legendhomework.com\/tr\/tornistan-operasyonu-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-deniz-muhendisligi-odevleri-yaptirma-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-tez-yaptirma-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-odev-ucretle\/","title":{"rendered":"Tornistan Operasyonu \u2013 Deniz M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u2013 Deniz M\u00fchendisli\u011fi \u00d6devleri Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 Deniz M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Tez Yapt\u0131rma\u2013 Deniz M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6dev \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Acil Tornistan Operasyonu<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0130leride tam h\u0131zla seyahat ederken, bir acil durdurma veya geri hareket emri gerekiyorsa, g\u00fcvenli \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma prosed\u00fcrleri g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmelidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6ndeki buhar, muhtemelen bir acil durum a\u00e7mas\u0131 kullan\u0131larak kapat\u0131l\u0131r ve kademeli olarak artan miktarda buhar\u0131 kabul etmek i\u00e7in k\u0131\u00e7 buhar valfi k\u0131smen a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece t\u00fcrbin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde durdurulmu\u015f duruma getirilebilir ve gerekirse daha sonra tornistanda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00fcrbinin durdurulmas\u0131 veya tornistan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, gemi i\u00e7in benzer bir durum olu\u015fmadan yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 ila 15 dakika \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecektir. Acil durum prosed\u00fcrlerinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 t\u00fcrbin, di\u015fli kutusu veya kazanlarda ciddi hasarlara yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Manevra devirleri genellikle tam mesafe veya tam h\u0131z durumunun yakla\u015f\u0131k %80’idir. Tam uzakta komutu al\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra, t\u00fcrbin kademeli olarak tam g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na getirilebilir, bu i\u015flem bir ila iki saat s\u00fcrer. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda, ana t\u00fcrbinlerden bir a\u015famada \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan veya ‘havas\u0131 al\u0131nan’ buhar\u0131 kullanan turbo alternat\u00f6rlerin devreye al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7erecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Genle\u015fme d\u00fczenleri kontrol edilmeli, giderlerin kapal\u0131 oldu\u011fu kontrol edilmeli, hava \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan sonra yo\u011fu\u015fma suyu devridaim vanas\u0131<\/span>\u00a0ejekt\u00f6r kapat\u0131lmal\u0131 ve k\u0131\u00e7 buhar valfleri s\u0131k\u0131ca kapat\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Limana Var\u0131\u015f<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Bir limana varmadan \u00f6nce k\u00f6pr\u00fc, t\u00fcrbinlerin manevra devirlerine getirilmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bir ila iki saat \u00f6nceden haber vermelidir. Bir dizel alternat\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, turbo alternat\u00f6r\u00fcn kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcm tam \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ters s\u0131rada yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kazanlar<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Her gemi tipinde \u015fu veya bu \u015fekilde bir kazan bulunacakt\u0131r. Ana makinenin buhar g\u00fcc\u00fcyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerlerde, \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7larda buhar \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in bir veya daha fazla b\u00fcy\u00fck su borulu kazan tak\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir dizel ana makine gemisinde, \u00e7e\u015fitli gemi servislerine buhar sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck (genellikle alev borulu tip) bir kazan tak\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Su borusu ve ate\u015f borusu olmak \u00fczere iki temel tasar\u0131m tipinde bile \u00e7e\u015fitli tasar\u0131mlar ve varyasyonlar mevcuttur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buhar \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in besleme suyunu \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in bir kazan kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Kazan f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131nda yanan yak\u0131t\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerji (s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7 olarak) \u00fcretilen buharda depolan\u0131r. T\u00fcm kazanlarda, enerjisini serbest b\u0131rakmak i\u00e7in yak\u0131t\u0131n yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir f\u0131r\u0131n veya yanma odas\u0131 vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yak\u0131t\u0131n yanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kazan f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131na hava verilir. Yanma odas\u0131 ile su aras\u0131ndaki geni\u015f y\u00fczey alan\u0131, \u0131s\u0131 \u015feklindeki yanma enerjisinin suya aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buhar ve suyun ayr\u0131labilece\u011fi bir tambur sa\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca akaryak\u0131t, hava ve besleme suyu beslemelerinin buhar talebiyle e\u015fle\u015fmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 ve kontroller bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Son olarak, kazan\u0131n g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir dizi ba\u011flant\u0131 par\u00e7as\u0131 veya montaj par\u00e7as\u0131 bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buhar \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde, besleme suyu \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve buhar haline geldi\u011fi kazana girer. Besleme suyu, buhar tamburundan su tamburuna dola\u015f\u0131r ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Besleme suyunun bir k\u0131sm\u0131 f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen borulardan, yani \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve buhar tamburuna geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc su duvar\u0131 ve zemin borular\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Tam yol tornistan<\/span>
\nTornistan yapmak<\/span>
\nTornistan<\/a> ne Demek<\/span>
\nTornistan neresi<\/span>
\nTornistan \u0130ngilizce<\/span>
\nTornistan Uysallar<\/span>
\nTornis ne demek<\/span>
\n\u0130skele tornistan<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Besleme suyunu tamburlar aras\u0131nda dola\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 inen borular kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130ndirici borular f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan ge\u00e7erek buhar ve su tamburlar\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131r. Buhar, bir buhar tamburunda \u00fcretilir ve buradan kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere \u00e7ekilebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu durumda ‘\u0131slak’ veya doymu\u015f buhar olarak bilinir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc az miktarda su i\u00e7erir. Alternatif olarak buhar, kazan\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulunan bir k\u0131zd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131ya da ge\u00e7ebilir. Burada buhar daha fazla \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve “kurutulur”, yani t\u00fcm su kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 buhara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nm\u0131\u015f buhar daha sonra sistemde kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere kazandan \u00e7\u0131kar. K\u0131zg\u0131n buhar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, tamburdaki buhar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde olacakt\u0131r. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f buhar s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in sisteme bir “deneyici”, yani bir buhar so\u011futucu tak\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

F\u0131r\u0131nda \u00fcretilen s\u0131cak gazlar, buhar \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in besleme suyunu \u0131s\u0131tmak ve ayr\u0131ca kazan tamburundan \u00e7\u0131kan buhar\u0131 k\u0131zd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Daha sonra gazlar, kazana girmeden \u00f6nce besleme suyunun i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bir ekonomiz\u00f6rden ge\u00e7er.<\/span><\/p>\n

Egzoz gazlar\u0131, yanma havas\u0131n\u0131 f\u0131r\u0131na girmeden \u00f6nce \u0131s\u0131tan bir hava \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden de ge\u00e7ebilir. Bu \u015fekilde, s\u0131cak gazlardan gelen \u0131s\u0131 enerjisinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131, huniden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 at\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Su borulu ve ate\u015f borulu olmak \u00fczere temelde farkl\u0131 iki tip kazan vard\u0131r. Su borusunda, besleme suyu borulardan ge\u00e7irilir ve s\u0131cak gazlar bunlar\u0131n \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7er. Ate\u015f borulu kazanda, s\u0131cak gazlar borulardan ge\u00e7er ve besleme suyu borular\u0131 \u00e7evreler.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kazan T\u00fcrleri<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Su borulu kazan, y\u00fcksek bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kl\u0131, y\u00fcksek kapasiteli buhar uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r, \u00f6rn. ana tahrik t\u00fcrbinleri veya kargo pompa t\u00fcrbinleri i\u00e7in buhar sa\u011flanmas\u0131. Firetube kazanlar, dizel motorlu gemilerde daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck miktarlarda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 buhar sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yard\u0131mc\u0131 ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Su borulu kazanlar<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 borular\u0131n kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir buhar tamburuna sahip olan su borulu kazanlar\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7larda buhar elde edilmesini veya \u00fcretilmesini sa\u011flar. Kazan\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 e\u015fde\u011fer bir alev borulu kazandan \u00e7ok daha azd\u0131r ve buhar y\u00fckseltme i\u015flemi de \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tasar\u0131m d\u00fczenlemeleri esnektir, verimlilik y\u00fcksektir ve besleme suyunun iyi bir do\u011fal sirk\u00fclasyonu vard\u0131r. Bunlar, su borulu kazan\u0131n ana buhar \u00fcreticisi olarak alev borulu kazan\u0131n yerini almas\u0131n\u0131n bir\u00e7ok nedeninden baz\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130lk su borulu kazanlar tek bir tambur kullan\u0131yordu. Ba\u015fl\u0131klar, ba\u015fl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda d\u00fcz borular bulunan k\u0131sa, b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f borularla tambura ba\u011fland\u0131. F\u0131r\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan s\u0131cak gazlar, genellikle tek bir ge\u00e7i\u015fte borular\u0131n da \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7ti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Daha sonraki bir geli\u015fme, b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f boru tasar\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131. Bu kazan\u0131n iki tamburu, entegre bir f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 vard\u0131r ve \u015fekli nedeniyle genellikle ‘D’ tipi olarak an\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

F\u0131r\u0131n, iki tamburun yan\u0131ndad\u0131r ve her taraf\u0131 boru duvarlar\u0131yla \u00e7evrilidir. Bu su duvar\u0131 t\u00fcpleri ya \u00fcst ve alt ba\u015fl\u0131klara ya da bir alt ba\u015fl\u0131k ve buhar tamburuna ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dcst ba\u015fl\u0131klar d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f borular\u0131 ile buhar tamburuna ba\u011flan\u0131r. Buhar tamburu ile a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck su tamburu aras\u0131na \u00e7ok say\u0131da daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 \u00fcretim t\u00fcp\u00fc yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

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