{"id":638,"date":"2022-12-13T21:05:50","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T18:05:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legendhomework.com\/tr\/?p=638"},"modified":"2022-12-13T21:05:50","modified_gmt":"2022-12-13T18:05:50","slug":"iki-zamanli-motor-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-deniz-muhendisligi-odevleri-yaptirma-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-tez-yaptirma-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-odev-ucret","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legendhomework.com\/tr\/iki-zamanli-motor-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-deniz-muhendisligi-odevleri-yaptirma-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-tez-yaptirma-deniz-muhendisligi-bolumu-odev-ucret\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130ki Zamanl\u0131 Motor \u2013 Deniz M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u2013 Deniz M\u00fchendisli\u011fi \u00d6devleri Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 Deniz M\u00fchendisli\u011fi\u00a0B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Tez Yapt\u0131rma\u2013 Deniz M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6dev \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0130ki Zamanl\u0131 Motor<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0130ki zamanl\u0131 bir \u00e7evrim motorunun bir kesiti g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Piston, di\u011fer ucunda bir kro\u015fet yata\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olan bir piston \u00e7ubu\u011funa sa\u011flam bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u011flant\u0131 \u00e7ubu\u011funun \u00fcst ucu da kro\u015fet yata\u011f\u0131na birle\u015ftirilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hava giri\u015fi i\u00e7in silindir g\u00f6mle\u011finde delikler d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir ve silindir kafas\u0131ndaki bir valf, egzoz gazlar\u0131n\u0131n sal\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Gelen hava, \u00e7\u0131kan egzoz gazlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tahrik edilen bir turbo \u00fcfleyici taraf\u0131ndan bas\u0131n\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krank mili, ana yataklar taraf\u0131ndan motor yatak plakas\u0131 i\u00e7inde desteklenir. A-\u00e7er\u00e7eveleri, \u00e7aprazkafan\u0131n yukar\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 hareket etti\u011fi taban plakas\u0131na ve ev k\u0131lavuzlar\u0131na monte edilmi\u015ftir. Sa\u00e7akl\u0131k, \u00e7er\u00e7evelerin \u00fczerine monte edilmi\u015ftir ve silindirler, silindir kafalar\u0131 ve bo\u015faltma kanal\u0131ndan olu\u015fur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130ki zamanl\u0131 ve d\u00f6rt zamanl\u0131 \u00e7evrimlerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0130ki d\u00f6ng\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki temel fark geli\u015ftirilen g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Her devirde bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan veya g\u00fc\u00e7 vuru\u015flu iki zamanl\u0131 \u00e7evrimli motor, teorik olarak, ayn\u0131 s\u00fcp\u00fcrme hacmine sahip d\u00f6rt zamanl\u0131 bir motorun iki kat\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 geli\u015ftirecektir. Bununla birlikte, verimsiz s\u00fcp\u00fcrme ve di\u011fer kay\u0131plar, g\u00fc\u00e7 avantaj\u0131n\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,8’e d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Belirli bir motor g\u00fcc\u00fc i\u00e7in iki zamanl\u0131 motor olduk\u00e7a hafif olacakt\u0131r, bu gemiler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir husustur. \u0130ki zamanl\u0131 motor, d\u00f6rt zamanl\u0131 motorun karma\u015f\u0131k valf \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 da gerektirmez. Bununla birlikte, d\u00f6rt zamanl\u0131 motor, g\u00fc\u00e7 dezavantaj\u0131n\u0131 dengeleyen y\u00fcksek h\u0131zlarda verimli bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir; ayr\u0131ca daha az ya\u011flama ya\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcketir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Her motor tipinin, gemide iki zamanl\u0131 \u00e7evrimde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck h\u0131zl\u0131 (yani 80-100 dev\/dak) ana tahrik dizeliyle sonu\u00e7lanan kendi uygulamalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck h\u0131zda motor, kendisiyle pervane aras\u0131nda herhangi bir red\u00fcksiyon di\u015fli kutusu gerektirmez.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f6rt zamanl\u0131 motor (genellikle orta h\u0131zda, 250 ila 750 dev\/dak aras\u0131nda d\u00f6ner), alternat\u00f6r gibi yard\u0131mc\u0131lar i\u00e7in ve bazen de 80 ila 100 dev\/dak aras\u0131nda bir pervane h\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in di\u015fli kutusuyla ana tahrik i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Motor g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn iki olas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc vard\u0131r: belirtilen g\u00fc\u00e7 ve mil g\u00fcc\u00fc. Belirtilen g\u00fc\u00e7, motor silindiri i\u00e7inde geli\u015ftirilen g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr ve bir motor g\u00f6stergesi ile \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. Mil g\u00fcc\u00fc, motorun \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f milinde mevcut olan g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr ve bir burulma \u00f6l\u00e7er veya bir fren kullan\u0131larak \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Motor G\u00f6stergesi<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Bir motor g\u00f6stergesi g\u00f6sterilir. \u00d6zel olarak kalibre edilmi\u015f bir yaya kar\u015f\u0131 bir silindir i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan, bilinen boyutta k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir pistondan olu\u015fur. B\u00fcy\u00fcte\u00e7li bir ba\u011flant\u0131, piston hareketini \u00fczerine bir par\u00e7a ka\u011f\u0131t veya kart monte edilmi\u015f bir tambura aktar\u0131r. Tambur, kordonun \u00e7ekilmesiyle sal\u0131n\u0131r (geri ve ileri hareket eder).<\/span><\/p>\n

Kordon, motor pistonunun silindir i\u00e7indeki hareketi ile orant\u0131l\u0131 olan ileri geri hareket eden (yukar\u0131 ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131) bir mekanizma ile hareket ettirilir. Kalem, strokun farkl\u0131 noktalar\u0131nda motor pistonu \u00fczerindeki gaz bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden bir g\u00f6sterge diyagram\u0131 \u00e7izer ve g\u00f6sterge diyagram\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulan alan\u0131, belirli bir silindirde geli\u015ftirilen g\u00fcc\u00fc temsil eder.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6l\u00e7eklendirme fakt\u00f6rleri, yay kalibrasyonu ve baz\u0131 temel motor detaylar\u0131 biliniyorsa silindir g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir. Prosed\u00fcr Ek’te a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Silindir g\u00fc\u00e7 de\u011ferleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve dengeli y\u00fckleme i\u00e7in hepsi ayn\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Silindir y\u00fcklerini dengelemek i\u00e7in yak\u0131t beslemesinde ayarlamalar yap\u0131labilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Burulma \u00f6l\u00e7er<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir mil taraf\u0131ndan iletilen tork, a\u00e7\u0131sal h\u0131z ile birlikte biliniyorsa, g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir, yani mil g\u00fcc\u00fc = tork x a\u00e7\u0131sal h\u0131z. Bir mil \u00fczerindeki tork, bir burulma \u00f6l\u00e7er ile kesme gerilimi veya burulma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclerek bulunabilir. Bir dizi farkl\u0131 burulma \u00f6l\u00e7er t\u00fcr\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131klanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

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2 Zamanl\u0131 motor<\/span>
\nTek zamanl\u0131<\/a> motor<\/span>
\n2 zamanl\u0131 motor al\u0131n\u0131r m\u0131<\/span>
\n2 Zamanl\u0131 ve 4 zamanl\u0131 motor fark\u0131<\/span>
\n4 Zamanl\u0131 motor<\/span>
\n2 zamanl\u0131 motor \u00f6mr\u00fc<\/span>
\n4 zamanl\u0131 motor s\u0131ralamas\u0131<\/span>
\n2 zamanl\u0131 motor nerede kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/span><\/p>\n

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Gaz De\u011fi\u015fim S\u00fcreci<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0130\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 bir motorun d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn temel bir par\u00e7as\u0131, temiz havan\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve egzoz gazlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu gaz de\u011fi\u015fim s\u00fcrecidir. S\u00fcp\u00fcrme, egzoz gazlar\u0131n\u0131n temiz hava \u00fcfleyerek uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Doldurma, motor silindirinin s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaya haz\u0131r taze hava beslemesi veya \u015farj\u0131 ile doldurulmas\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00fcper \u015farjda, silindire bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda \u00fcflenerek b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda hava verilir. Daha eski motorlar, yaln\u0131zca atmosferik bas\u0131n\u00e7ta temiz hava alarak “do\u011fal olarak aspire edildi”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Modern motorlar, temizleme ve s\u00fcper \u015farj i\u00e7in bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 taze hava sa\u011flamak \u00fczere egzoz gaz\u0131 tahrikli turbo\u015farjlardan yararlan\u0131r. Hem d\u00f6rt zamanl\u0131 hem de iki zamanl\u0131 \u00e7evrimli motorlar bas\u0131n\u00e7la doldurulabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130ki zamanl\u0131 dizel motorlarda genellikle elektrikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir yard\u0131mc\u0131 \u00fcfleyici bulunur \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc egzoz gaz\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan turbo \u00fcfleyici d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck motor h\u0131zlar\u0131nda yeterli hava sa\u011flayamaz ve bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 hava genellikle \u015farj havas\u0131 yo\u011funlu\u011funu art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in so\u011futulur. Yava\u015f h\u0131zl\u0131 iki zamanl\u0131 dizel motor i\u00e7in egzoz gaz\u0131 tahrikli bir turbo\u015farj d\u00fczenlemesi g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Turboblower veya turbo\u015farj, egzoz gaz\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir hava kompres\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Tek \u015faft\u0131n bir ucunda bir egzoz gaz\u0131 t\u00fcrbini ve di\u011fer ucunda hava kompres\u00f6r\u00fc bulunur. Uygun g\u00f6vde tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve salmastralar, iki gaz\u0131n kar\u0131\u015fmamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hava, makine mahallinden bir filtre vas\u0131tas\u0131yla \u00e7ekilir ve daha sonra s\u00fcp\u00fcrme mahalline ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Egzoz gaz\u0131 t\u00fcrbine do\u011frudan motordan veya sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 bir b\u00f6lmeden girebilir. \u015eaft yataklar\u0131n\u0131n her birinin kendi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ya\u011flama sistemi vard\u0131r ve muhafazan\u0131n egzoz gaz\u0131 ucu genellikle su so\u011futmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcp\u00fcrme<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Yanma i\u00e7in yeterli taze hava beslemesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in verimli s\u00fcp\u00fcrme esast\u0131r. D\u00f6rt zamanl\u0131 \u00e7evrimli motorda, hava giri\u015f valfi a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile egzoz valfi kapan\u0131\u015f\u0131 aras\u0131nda yeterli bir \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015fme vard\u0131r. \u0130ki zamanl\u0131 \u00e7evrimli motorlarda bu \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fma s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r ve egzoz gazlar\u0131 ile gelen hava aras\u0131nda bir miktar hafif kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m meydana gelir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yava\u015f h\u0131zl\u0131 iki zamanl\u0131 motorlarda bir dizi farkl\u0131 s\u00fcp\u00fcrme y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Her birinde taze hava, pistonun a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru hareketi ile giri\u015f a\u011fz\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131larak i\u00e7eri girer ve yukar\u0131 do\u011fru hareket eden piston taraf\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131z kapanana kadar devam eder.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00fcp\u00fcrme havas\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f yolu, motor portunun \u015fekli ve tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve egzoz d\u00fczenlemeleri taraf\u0131ndan belirlenir. \u00dc\u00e7 temel sistem kullan\u0131mdad\u0131r: \u00e7apraz ak\u0131\u015f, d\u00f6ng\u00fc ve tek ak\u0131\u015f. T\u00fcm modern yava\u015f h\u0131zl\u0131 dizel motorlar art\u0131k silindir ba\u015fl\u0131 egzoz valfli tek ak\u0131\u015fl\u0131 s\u00fcp\u00fcrme sistemini kullan\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7apraz s\u00fcp\u00fcrmede, gelen hava yukar\u0131 do\u011fru y\u00f6nlendirilir ve egzoz gazlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne iter. Egzoz gazlar\u0131 daha sonra a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 do\u011fru hareket eder ve egzoz portlar\u0131ndan d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130\u015flemi g\u00f6sterir.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f6ng\u00fc s\u00fcp\u00fcrmede, gelen hava piston tac\u0131 \u00fczerinden ge\u00e7er ve ard\u0131ndan silindir kafas\u0131na do\u011fru y\u00fckselir. Egzoz gazlar\u0131, hava giri\u015f portlar\u0131n\u0131n hemen \u00fczerinde bulunan egzoz portlar\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131 ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce zorlan\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

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