{"id":521,"date":"2022-11-18T22:02:06","date_gmt":"2022-11-18T19:02:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legendhomework.com\/tr\/?p=521"},"modified":"2022-11-18T22:02:06","modified_gmt":"2022-11-18T19:02:06","slug":"gelismis-motor-verimliligi-arac-muhendisligi-bolumu-arac-muhendisligi-odevleri-yaptirma-arac-muhendisligi-bolumu-tez-yaptirma-arac-muhendisligi-bolumu-odev-ucret","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legendhomework.com\/tr\/gelismis-motor-verimliligi-arac-muhendisligi-bolumu-arac-muhendisligi-odevleri-yaptirma-arac-muhendisligi-bolumu-tez-yaptirma-arac-muhendisligi-bolumu-odev-ucret\/","title":{"rendered":"Geli\u015fmi\u015f Motor Verimlili\u011fi \u2013 Ara\u00e7 M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u2013 Ara\u00e7 M\u00fchendisli\u011fi \u00d6devleri Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 Ara\u00e7 M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Tez Yapt\u0131rma\u2013 Ara\u00e7 M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6dev \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Direkt Enjeksiyonlu Benzin<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ricardo m\u00fchendisleri ayr\u0131ca yanma sisteminin optimizasyonu \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak do\u011frudan enjeksiyonlu benzinli motorlar\u0131 \u00fcretim ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeye yakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Silindir i\u00e7i gaz \u00f6rneklemesi,<\/span>\u00a0uygun bir piston \u00e7ana\u011f\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesinde yerel hava-yak\u0131t oran\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerini elde edin. \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcmler, tasar\u0131m s\u00fcreci i\u00e7in de\u011ferli olan CFD kodlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 50a-60:1 A\/F oranlar\u0131nda kararl\u0131 yanma, s\u0131f\u0131r y\u00fcke kadar k\u0131s\u0131lmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yazarlar, g\u00f6rece d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli elektronik olarak kontrol edilen common-rail yak\u0131t enjeksiyon sistemlerinin, tam y\u00fckte erken enjeksiyon ve k\u0131smi y\u00fckte ge\u00e7 enjeksiyon tekni\u011fini kullanarak, tabakal\u0131 \u015farjl\u0131 yanmaya olan ilginin yeniden canland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Benzinli motorun \u00f6zg\u00fcl g\u00fcc\u00fcyle birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir dizelin teorik olarak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan yak\u0131t ekonomisini elde etme nihai hedefiyle birlikte, so\u011fuk \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmada azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f zenginle\u015ftirme ve ge\u00e7ici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada iyile\u015ftirilmi\u015f yak\u0131t doldurma kontrol\u00fc de ufukta g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ba\u015far\u0131, yal\u0131n \u00fcretimde NOx emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in g\u00f6sterilen \u00e7abalara ba\u011fl\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yanma odas\u0131n\u0131n optimum \u015fekilli piston \u00e7ana\u011f\u0131, kademeli yanman\u0131n meydana gelmesi i\u00e7in bir krank a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131nda bujide tutu\u015fabilir bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m \u00fcretebilen ve termodinamik verimlilik ile HC\/NOx emisyonlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda en iyi de\u011fi\u015f toku\u015fu \u00fcretendir.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ricardo, s\u00fcreci d\u00f6rt ad\u0131mda modellemi\u015ftir: (a) p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme \u00f6zelliklerini hesaplamak i\u00e7in enjekt\u00f6r memesindeki s\u0131v\u0131 ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na Bernoulli teoremini uygulamak; (b) pistona \u00e7arpma noktas\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman\u0131 tahmin etmek i\u00e7in p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme penetrasyonunun piston konumu ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131; (c) bir buhar bulutu olarak ayr\u0131lana kadar piston boyunca yak\u0131t ak\u0131\u015f\u0131; (d) ate\u015fleme i\u00e7in zaman\u0131nda fi\u015fe buhar getirilmesinde hava hareketi ile yard\u0131m; CFD kullanarak ak\u0131\u015f alan\u0131n\u0131n dinamik bir g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmesini g\u00f6sterir.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f6rt ad\u0131m \u00fczerinden toplam hesaplaman\u0131n \u00f6rnek bir sonucunu g\u00f6sterir, bunun kullan\u0131m\u0131 yanma odas\u0131 tasar\u0131m se\u00e7eneklerinin h\u0131zl\u0131 taranmas\u0131ndad\u0131r. Burada, piston \u00e7arpmas\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki yak\u0131t p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerinin hesaplanmas\u0131nda d\u00f6rt farkl\u0131 ate\u015fleme ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 zamanlamas\u0131 kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Piston boyunca ak\u0131\u015ftan ve bir p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtme bulutu olarak ayr\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, CFD taraf\u0131ndan BDC’de \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclen yuvarlanma hareketinin piston y\u00fckseldik\u00e7e hazneye s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131l\u0131r ve kenardaki hava h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek i\u00e7in bir a\u00e7\u0131sal momentum hesaplamas\u0131 kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Piston \u00e7ana\u011f\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bulutun tapaya ula\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u00fcresi \u00f6nemlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Silindir i\u00e7i numune alma testleri, 310 ila 330 derece aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen enjeksiyon ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 ve 2,5 bar BMEP y\u00fck\u00fcne e\u015fde\u011fer 20 derecede tutulan enjeksiyon s\u00fcresi ile d\u00fcz piston ba\u015f\u0131, kare ve k\u00fcresel \u00e7anak \u015fekilleri kullan\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Fi\u015fte olu\u015fan A\/F oran\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sabit Bas\u0131n\u00e7<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00c7in’deki Newcastle \u00dcniversitesi ve Dalian Denizcilik \u00dcniversitesi’ndeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, ciddi egzoz kirlili\u011fi kontrol d\u00fczenlemeleri taraf\u0131ndan empoze edilen dizel geli\u015ftirme \u00fczerindeki s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131n, sabit hacimli d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00f6ng\u00fc verimlili\u011finin kilidini a\u00e7arak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclebilece\u011fini ima ettiler.<\/span><\/p>\n

Silindir bas\u0131nc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kontrol edilen de\u011fi\u015fken bir motor silindir hacmi, biyel koluna yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir hidrolik silindir ile modifiye edilmi\u015f bir dizel 20 motorunda elde edilmi\u015ftir. Ya\u011f yast\u0131kl\u0131 pistonlu dizel motor, \u00fcniteye Deocp ad\u0131n\u0131 verir. Y\u00fcksek \u00e7evrim verimlili\u011fi, iyile\u015ftirilmi\u015f d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck y\u00fck performans\u0131 ve iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kabiliyeti ile karakterize edilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Motor i\u00e7in teorik yanma \u00e7evrimi, geleneksel \u00e7evrimin (12’3451) \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015f olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir (nokta 123451). Hidrolik silindirin etkin sertli\u011fi K (kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7 Pk ile), motorun \u00f6zelliklerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir,<\/span>
\nmotor y\u00fck\u00fc p1 azald\u0131k\u00e7a motor s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00a3 ve verimlili\u011fin n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kat\u0131 bir biyel kolu k= 2.26 X 10 ile verilmi\u015f ve burada veriminin y\u00fckle de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Fiziksel bir motorun testlerinde, hidrolik yay nedeniyle Deocp \u00fczerindeki piston hareketinin tam olarak krank a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011finin hesaba kat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyordu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla yazarlar taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6sterilen \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm tekni\u011fi kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Motor verimlili\u011fi hesaplama<\/span>
\nIE3 motor Verimlili\u011fi<\/span>
\nMotor verimlilik<\/a> s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 tablosu<\/span>
\nIE2 motor verimi<\/span>
\nIE1, IE2, IE3 IE4 Standartlar\u0131<\/span>
\nIE4 motor verimi<\/span>
\nEn verimli elektrik motoru<\/span>
\nElektrik motorlar\u0131 verimlilik S\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131<\/span><\/p>\n

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Testler %100, 90, 75, 50 ve %25 tam y\u00fckte ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. \u015eekil 25’teki sonu\u00e7lar (PV diyagram\u0131), %25 tam y\u00fckte termal verimde %9’luk art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve tam y\u00fckte %1,6’l\u0131k kazanc\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yazarlar, \u0131s\u0131l verimdeki art\u0131\u015f\u0131, atalet kuvveti nedeniyle egzoz vuru\u015funun sonunda Deocp’un pistonunun en y\u00fcksek konumuna ula\u015fmas\u0131na ba\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f s\u00fcp\u00fcrme, \u00f6zellikle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck y\u00fcklerde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bo\u015fluk hacmi ve y\u00fcksek statik s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma oran\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. Silindir bas\u0131nc\u0131ndaki h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f da bu noktada girdap olu\u015fturur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yazarlar, yanma i\u015fleminin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir bir konvansiyonel dizelden yakla\u015f\u0131k 7 derece krank a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha \u00f6nce tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesaplam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Krank a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 formundaki g\u00f6sterge diyagram\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesinde, konvansiyonel motorun silindir bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131n (CE), s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma stroku ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndaki Deocp de\u011ferinden daha y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131labilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc CE nispeten b\u00fcy\u00fck bir miktara sahiptir. kalan at\u0131k gaz.<\/span><\/p>\n

BTDC yakla\u015f\u0131k 55 derecelik krank a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sonra, y\u00fcksek s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma oran\u0131 nedeniyle Deocp’un s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma bas\u0131nc\u0131 daha h\u0131zl\u0131 artar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Genle\u015fme stroku s\u0131ras\u0131nda, silindir bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fck\u00e7e, hidrolik yay\u0131n i\u00e7inde depolanan s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma enerjisi motor silindirine sal\u0131n\u0131r ve sonu\u00e7ta Deocp’un genle\u015fme \u00e7izgisi daha y\u00fcksek olur. Diyagram ayr\u0131ca, hidrolik yay\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, yanman\u0131n ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 derece BTDC’de meydana geldi\u011fini ve maksimum s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n 10 derece A TDC’de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.\u00a0SFC sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 test sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Geli\u015fmi\u015f Motor Verimlili\u011fi i\u00e7in Valf D\u00fczenlemeleri<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Motor tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirme literat\u00fcr\u00fcne yap\u0131lan son \u00fc\u00e7 katk\u0131, motor verimlili\u011findeki b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin farkl\u0131 valf kontrol sistemleri ve konfig\u00fcrasyonlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l etkilenebilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Emme valfi devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakma<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Rover ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re tekni\u011fi<\/span>\u00a0bir giri\u015f valfinden hava ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak, motor yanma verimlili\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc eksenel ve namlu girdab\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131n bir yoludur.<\/span><\/p>\n

EGR ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak verimlili\u011fi %3’ten %7’ye ve zay\u0131f yanma ile %7’den %11’e \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde EGR veya fazla hava normalde zay\u0131f tutu\u015fabilirli\u011fe, daha yava\u015f yanmaya, dengesiz yanmaya ve yanmam\u0131\u015f HC emisyonlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, \u015farj seyreltme tolerans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6ntem bulunmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu nedenle geli\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, hava destekli yak\u0131t enjeksiyonu ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, silindir ba\u015f\u0131na 4 valfli 10.5:1 s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma oranl\u0131 bir motor \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6nceki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, y\u00fck seyreltme tolerans\u0131n\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in tek ba\u015f\u0131na namlu girdab\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rman\u0131n yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla y\u00fcksek aktivite, homojen \u015farj kontrol\u00fc i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir d\u00fczenlemeyle hem eksenel hem de namlu girdab\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma karar\u0131n\u0131n verildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0130kinci giri\u015f valfini devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmadan \u00f6nce, her iki giri\u015f de akarken 2.4’l\u00fck bir namlu girdap oran\u0131 verecek \u015fekilde bir giri\u015f maskesi bi\u00e7iminde bir ind\u00fckleyici imal edildi. Silindir kafas\u0131n\u0131n ak\u0131\u015f testi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 verdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

2000 dev\/dak\/2-bar BMEP test ko\u015fulunda hava\/yak\u0131t oran\u0131 d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri, RACE motoru i\u00e7in ind\u00fckleyicili ve ind\u00fckleyicisiz olarak elde edildi ve g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi temel motorla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck girdapl\u0131 motorun y\u00fcksek girdaptan biraz daha iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla, \u00e7ok iyi bir zay\u0131f yanma limiti ve b\u00fcy\u00fck yak\u0131t ekonomisi avantaj\u0131 elde edildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Genel olarak, RACE motorunun y\u00fcksek etkinli\u011fi, erken yanmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r ve zay\u0131f yanmay\u0131 dengeler. Yal\u0131n yanma NOx s\u0131n\u0131r emisyonlar\u0131 da temel motordan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fc, ancak RACE sisteminin daha h\u0131zl\u0131 yanmas\u0131 nedeniyle stokiyometrikte emisyonlar daha y\u00fcksekti. Temel motordan daha y\u00fcksek EGR tolerans\u0131 ve daha fazla yak\u0131t t\u00fcketimi de elde edildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131cak tel anemometri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmleri, yazarlar\u0131n seyreltik bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131 tutu\u015fturman\u0131n anahtar\u0131 oldu\u011funa inand\u0131klar\u0131 yanma odas\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck y\u0131\u011f\u0131n h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 korurken y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde t\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131n mevcut oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

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