{"id":516,"date":"2022-11-18T21:44:11","date_gmt":"2022-11-18T18:44:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legendhomework.com\/tr\/?p=516"},"modified":"2022-11-18T21:44:11","modified_gmt":"2022-11-18T18:44:11","slug":"sivilastirilmis-dogal-gaz-arac-muhendisligi-bolumu-arac-muhendisligi-odevleri-yaptirma-arac-muhendisligi-bolumu-tez-yaptirma-arac-muhendisligi-bolumu-odev-ucretl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legendhomework.com\/tr\/sivilastirilmis-dogal-gaz-arac-muhendisligi-bolumu-arac-muhendisligi-odevleri-yaptirma-arac-muhendisligi-bolumu-tez-yaptirma-arac-muhendisligi-bolumu-odev-ucretl\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Do\u011fal Gaz \u2013 Ara\u00e7 M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u2013 Ara\u00e7 M\u00fchendisli\u011fi \u00d6devleri Yapt\u0131rma \u2013 Ara\u00e7 M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Tez Yapt\u0131rma\u2013 Ara\u00e7 M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc \u00d6dev \u00dccretleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

CNG’nin Benzine G\u00f6re Avantaj\u0131<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

British Columbia \u00dcniversitesi’nde geni\u015f bir hava\/yak\u0131t oranlar\u0131 aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen ara\u015ft\u0131rma, CNG ile (benzine k\u0131yasla) havan\u0131n gazla yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi nedeniyle genel olarak g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %12 oran\u0131nda azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, emisyonun seviyeleri \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Her iki yak\u0131t da neredeyse e\u015fit termal verim sergilerken, daha da \u00f6nemlisi do\u011fal gaz, zay\u0131f yanma s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n benzine g\u00f6re uzat\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7ok zay\u0131f kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda artan verimlilik g\u00f6sterdi. Yazarlar, dikkatli bir \u015fekilde optimize edilmi\u015f bir SI CNG motoruyla zay\u0131f yanma stratejisinin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, bunun hem hafif hem de a\u011f\u0131r hizmet motorlar\u0131n\u0131n bir katalitik konvert\u00f6re ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan mevcut ve \u00f6nerilen emisyon d\u00fczenlemelerini kar\u015f\u0131lamas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanabilece\u011fini savunuyorlar.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dcniversitenin Alternatif Yak\u0131tlar Laboratuar\u0131’nda bir Ricardo Hydra motorunda \u00fc\u00e7 h\u0131zda ve bir tam y\u00fck art\u0131 iki k\u0131smi y\u00fck ko\u015fulunda testler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Emisyon sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, benzin (G) ve do\u011fal gaz (NG) i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131l hava\/yak\u0131t oran\u0131n\u0131n (RAFR) bir fonksiyonu olarak g\u00f6sterilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tam gaz kelebe\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kken, CNG ile HC emisyonlar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k %50 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckken, CO t\u00fcm \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma aral\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in %100 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fc. NOx seviyeleri, tam y\u00fck ko\u015fullar\u0131nda her iki yak\u0131t i\u00e7in benzer tepe de\u011ferlerine sahiptir, ancak k\u0131smi y\u00fck ko\u015fullar\u0131nda CNG i\u00e7in avantaj artar.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Do\u011fal Gaz (LNG)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

12,2 litre Perkins Eagle LNG motoru, BOC Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m Hizmetleri i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan on ERF t\u0131r\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan do\u011fal gaz\u0131n ger\u00e7ek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131ndaki etkinli\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. 320 bhp motor, Perkins 2000 Serisi gaz motorlar\u0131 ve Eagle TX serisi dizel motorlardan geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n

TxSi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan \u00fcnite, havadan havaya \u015farj so\u011futmal\u0131d\u0131r, at\u0131k kap\u0131l\u0131 bir turbo\u015farj ve iki yollu oksidasyon kataliz\u00f6r\u00fc ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. LNG, CNG’nin iki kat\u0131ndan fazla yak\u0131t yo\u011funlu\u011funa sahiptir ve daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir hacimde daha fazla enerjinin depolanmas\u0131na izin verir. V arity-Perkins, LNG’nin ayr\u0131ca, y\u00fcksek s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma oranl\u0131 motorlarda g\u00fcvenilir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya olanak tan\u0131yan ve daha tutarl\u0131 emisyon kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flayan s\u00fcrekli olarak y\u00fcksek metan i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahip oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/span><\/p>\n

IMPCO elektronik hava ve yak\u0131t y\u00f6netim sistemi, motorun \u00f6nemli bir \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Hem havan\u0131n hem de gaz\u0131n k\u00fctlesini do\u011frudan ve \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 yan\u0131tla ayn\u0131 anda \u00f6l\u00e7er, b\u00f6ylece \u00fcnite ge\u00e7ici \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bile \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyon seviyeleri verir.<\/span><\/p>\n

AD 2000 yasal gerekliliklerini kar\u015f\u0131lar ve LNG neredeyse hi\u00e7 k\u00fck\u00fcrt i\u00e7ermedi\u011finden, uzun kataliz\u00f6r \u00f6mr\u00fc \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. G\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc emisyonu da olduk\u00e7a d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr ve r\u00f6lantide seviye dizele g\u00f6re 7 dBA daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u015eekil 9’daki tork \u00f6zelli\u011finde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, motor rahat bir \u015fekilde neredeyse d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck r\u00f6lanti devrine inebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n

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LNG fiyat\u0131<\/span>
\nLng yak\u0131t olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r m\u0131<\/span>
\nS\u0131v\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Do\u011fal<\/a> Gaz Nedir<\/span>
\nLng Nedir<\/span>
\nDo\u011falgaz s\u0131v\u0131 m\u0131 gaz m\u0131<\/span>
\nLng nerede bulunur<\/span>
\nLng nerelerde Kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/span>
\nLng Nas\u0131l elde edilir<\/span><\/p>\n

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K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck HSDI Dizel Motorlar\u0131n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck CO2 Emisyonundan Yararlanma<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\n90 g\/km’den daha az CO2 egzoz emisyonu salacak B-alt\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131f otomobiller i\u00e7in dizel tahrik kullan\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0<\/span>70 mm i\u00e7 \u00e7apa sahip 1,2 litrelik 4 silindirli bir motor i\u00e7in 3 litre\/100 km’den daha az potansiyel yak\u0131t t\u00fcketimi de tart\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131yor. B\u00f6yle bir araban\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 750-800 kg ve g\u00fcc\u00fc 45-55 kW olacakt\u0131r. Hem yak\u0131t enjeksiyonu hem de maksimum silindir bas\u0131n\u00e7lar\u0131 (140-150 bar) mevcut HSDI dizellerden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha y\u00fcksektir ve 17 mm \u00e7apl\u0131 enjekt\u00f6r ile ortak yak\u0131t da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m sistemi \u00f6nerilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yazarlara g\u00f6re, mevcut end\u00fcstri ‘standart’ 17 mm \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki yak\u0131t enjekt\u00f6rleri, \u00e7ap ve uzunluk a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan paketleme yaparken k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck binek arabalara g\u00f6re kamyon motorlar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha uygundur. Deneyimler, 4-valf modeli aras\u0131ndaki deli\u011fin ortas\u0131na ve dikey olarak monte edilen bir enjekt\u00f6r\u00fcn, HSDI motorlar\u0131 i\u00e7in genel olarak en iyi performans\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte, nispeten b\u00fcy\u00fck bir enjekt\u00f6r ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir delik ile, valfler i\u00e7in mevcut olan alan do\u011fal olarak birinci s\u0131n\u0131ft\u0131. Kritik b\u00f6l\u00fcm, yak\u0131t enjekt\u00f6r\u00fc ile giri\u015f valfi merkezleri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Giri\u015f valflerinin maksimum boyutu, bir tarafta silindir deli\u011fine olan bo\u015flukla ve di\u011fer tarafta giri\u015f portu ile enjekt\u00f6r aras\u0131nda ve ayr\u0131ca valf yaylar\u0131 ve enjekt\u00f6r aras\u0131nda bir so\u011futma s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 yolu sa\u011flama gereklili\u011fi ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcm g\u00f6bek yerine ayr\u0131 bir enjekt\u00f6r man\u015fonunun kullan\u0131lmas\u0131, so\u011futma ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korurken m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan maksimum giri\u015f valfi boyutunu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131ld\u0131. G\u00f6sterilen giri\u015f valfleri birlikte, performans hedeflerine ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na izin vermek i\u00e7in sim\u00fclasyonla g\u00f6sterilen sondaj alan\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %15’i kadar bir toplam ak\u0131\u015f alan\u0131 verdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Y\u00f6nlendirilmi\u015f giri\u015f portlar\u0131 ve tandem egzoz portu. Bu, 2,5 Rs’lik bir girdap oran\u0131 elde etti ve ayn\u0131 zamanda s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildi, y\u00fcksek hacimsel verimlili\u011fe yol a\u00e7t\u0131, ancak portlar\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki dar su ceketi b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin zay\u0131f kum ma\u00e7alara ve potansiyel d\u00f6k\u00fcm sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7aca\u011f\u0131 dezavantaj\u0131na sahipti.<\/span><\/p>\n

70 mm’lik k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck i\u00e7 \u00e7ap, uzun giri\u015f portu duvar\u0131n\u0131 bir sonraki silindirin egzoz portundan so\u011futma s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 ile ay\u0131rman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu, bu da giri\u015f \u015farj\u0131n\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyordu, (b) biri uzun olmak \u00fczere iki sarmal portu g\u00f6steriyor. ve bir k\u0131sa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu d\u00fczenleme benzer bir performansa sahipti, ancak giri\u015f portunun devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse, daha iyi bir girdap aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131, (c) k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve ayn\u0131 zamanda bir maksimumla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bulunan yan yana sarmal giri\u015f portlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermesi gibi ek bir avantaja sahipti. girdap oran\u0131 2.1. Yap\u0131lar\u0131, tandem d\u00fczenlemelerinin aksine silindir kafas\u0131 sertli\u011fini iyile\u015ftirmez.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dikkate al\u0131nan yak\u0131t enjekt\u00f6rlerinin ambalaj\u0131 tiplerine ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. \u0130ki tip common rail enjekt\u00f6r incelenmi\u015ftir: dahili ve harici solenoid tasar\u0131mlar\u0131. Hem B hem de C, solenoidin enjekt\u00f6re hat i\u00e7i veya g\u00f6vdeye 90 derece a\u00e7\u0131yla ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 harici solenoid tasar\u0131mlar\u0131na sahipti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu tipte solenoid zarf yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 X 70 mm’lik bir alan gerektirir; Ancak A, enjekt\u00f6r\u00fcn 17 mm’lik g\u00f6vdesinin i\u00e7ine tamamen uyan entegre bir solenoid i\u00e7erir. Entegre solenoidli bir enjekt\u00f6r\u00fcn 300 cc\/silindir motora daha iyi paketleme sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu enjekt\u00f6r, valf mekanizmas\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131nda daha fazla \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck sa\u011flad\u0131 ve silindir kafas\u0131 alan\u0131nda en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck toplam paket boyutunu elde etti. Di\u011fer bir avantaj ise, nispeten k\u0131sa uzunlu\u011fu ve \u00fcst yak\u0131t beslemesi nedeniyle, \u00e7ok silindirli bir motorda bir enjekt\u00f6r kelep\u00e7esi olarak da i\u015flev g\u00f6recek yeni bir yak\u0131t ray\u0131 tasarlaman\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

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